REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR TEST NUMBER THREE:
Rewrite and answer all of the following questions in detail for extra credit.
CLIMATE
1. How is climate defined?
2. What types of measurements is climate based upon/how is average weather measured?
3. What is a moist Vs a dry climate? What are regional moisture inputs/outputs?
4. What were the six climate controls we spoke about in class? Also, you should explain how each of these act as a climate control as opposed to just memorizing the list.
5. Draw the profile view of global wind and pressure and explain why the wind and pressure belts occur as they do AND explain how these contribute to the type of climates found at certain latitudes?
6. According to the profile view and the idealized earth (no land) what types of climates can we expect to find at 0°, 30°, 40-60°, and 90°; sketch the “idealized earth (without land).”
7. Draw the idealized continent we drew in class. EXPLAIN the CAUSES of the climates found in different locations (i.e. speak to the principle of continentality, ocean currents, pressure , air mass movement, etc. rather than just memorizing locations!)
8. What is a climograph? How do you read a climograph? Why are climographs useful?
9. Identify the following climographs (and then look for more practice through our website).
SEE HARD COPY OF HANDOUT
10. What does the climate distribution of North America look like? WHY do you find the climates that you do in the places that you do? Sketch and explain.
BIOSPHERE
1. What is Biogeography?
2. What is an Ecosystem/Biome/Habitat?
3. What is the primary component of any biome, ecosystem or habitat? Why are plants so important? What makes them different than other organisms?
4. What is the food chain, in the deeper way we described it?
5. What is photosynthesis, basically, and in terms of the chemical formula?
6. What is respiration, basically, and in terms of the chemical formula?
7. How are the two above processes related?
8. Why is it important to understand respiration? What is the important byproduct, how is that related to the food chain and us?
9. What determines the number of animals in any Biome?
10. What determines the number of plants in any biome?
11. In what two ways are Biomes classified? Explain each.
12. What types of places/climates do we expect to be most productive/least productive?
14. What are evolution/natural selection/adaptation? How are these related to the organisms we expect to find in certain biomes?
15. Sketch and explain the latitudinal distribution of biomes.
16. Describe the relationship between elevation and climate. How do climates change throughout San Diego?
EARTH MATERIALS
1. Sketch the composition of the Earth in terms of the three layers we discussed in class.
2. What is the Asthenosphere? The Lithosphere? Where are they?
3. What is the difference between oceanic and continental crust?
4. When was the earth formed?
5. What is the era of time that we are currently in?
6. What is the crust made of? What are minerals made of? What is an element? An Atom?
7. How do rocks vary/how are rocks classified or named?
8. What is the rock cycle?
9. What are the three main types of rocks?
10. How are igneous rocks formed?
11. Compare and contrast intrusive igneous rocks and extrusive igneous rocks. How is each formed? How does this influence their appearance? What is an example of each?
12. What is the difference between shield volcanoes and strato or composite volcanoes?
13. How are sedimentary rocks formed?
14. How do Sedimentary rocks form? What characteristics do they have?
15. How are metamorphic rocks formed? (list some protoliths and what they metamorph into)
16. Compare and contrast the three major rock types.
Plate Tectonics
1. Surface features are the result of a combination of what processes?
2. What are the energy sources driving the internal and external processes?
3. Explain the theory of isostacy.
4. Who is Alfred Wegner, what was his theory and what type of evidence did he present in support of his theory?
5. What is the driving force in the Asthenosphere behind plate movement?
6. What additional evidence did Harry Hess present in support of the theory of plate tectonics?
7. What is the theory of plate tectonics?
8. Explain what happens along divergent (both oceanic and continental) plate boundaries
9. Explain what happens along convergent plate boundaries. (Be sure to do all 3 types: oceanic-continental and continental-continental and oceanic-oceanic)
10. Explain what happens along transform plate boundaries
11. Explain the hot spot theory. Sketch it.
12. Where are some of the example locations on earth that have been created/influenced by these types of plate boundaries (from class)?
13. Compare and contrast the different plate boundaries!
14. Very generally explain the tectonic activity and the landforms produced as a result, in Southern California (what type of plate boundaries have been present here over time? What are the results?)
External Work
1. Where does “external” energy originate?
2. What is the difference between degradation and aggradation? How do they together act to shape the landscape?
3. What is weathering? How is it different from erosion?
4. What is physical weathering? How does it aid in chemical weathering? Examples of it? What is chemical weathering?
5. What is mass wasting? How are the different types classified?
6. What is erosion? What are the different “agents” of erosion?
7. What is the difference between a glacier and an ice sheet?
8. When was the beginning of the current interglacial period (the end of the “Wisconsinian Ice Age)?
9. What types of landforms are created by rivers? How are these landforms created? Compare and contrast evidence of a ice shaped landscape with that of a stream carved landscape.
10. Explain how the beaches in San Diego are built (i.e. the “Oceanside Littoral Cell”).
11. What types of landforms are created by ocean waves?
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