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Home » People » Karl Sherlock » Tone Handbook » Usage » Academic Tone » Usage » Say, Feel, and Show
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Say, Feel, and Show

TOPICS ON THIS PAGE

THE RIGHT CONTEXT

CLAIMS AND QUESTIONS OF FACT

CLAIMS OF VALUE

CLAIMS OF POLICY

INTERPRETATIONS

SUBSTANTIATION

DISPUTATION

THE RIGHT CONTEXT

We are encouraged in argumentative writing to say what we mean, assert what we feel, and show why we feel this way. However, these three tediously overused words, say, feel, and show, stand out in college level writing as undeserving of academic tone. Sophistication and maturity of writing often depends on, both, the variety and the precision of its diction. Repetitive use of such phrases as “the author feels”, “the writer says” or “the essay shows” often will distinguish an essay as colorless in style or unimaginative in argument.

Here are some useful synonyms for these verbs to invigorate the power of your vocabulary. If you don't recognize one of these words, please copy it and paste it into the search field of an on-line dictionary, such as Dictionary.com.

Remember, these are verbs. A word like "decries" may sound to you more like a noun than a verb, and a word like "propound" may sound more like an adjective, but that doesn't mean you can just use them in those roles without creating grammatical and syntactical error in your sentence. On the flip side, words like "question" and "advocate" can serve as, both, verbs and nouns, depending on the context. Always study how a new vocabulary word is used in context before you adopt it in your writing, and pay special attention to its Part of Speech.

CLAIMS and QUESTIONS OF FACT

verbs used to communicate facts and data, but not opinion

  • acquaints the reader with
  • apprises the reader of
  • communicates
  • denotes
  • determines
  • discloses
  • establishes
  • expresses (a truth or conclusion)
  • imparts the idea that
  • indicates
  • informs us that
  • inquires
  • notifies the reader that
  • queries
  • questions
  • refers to

CLAIMS OF VALUE

verbs used to assert opinions and interpretations

  • accommodates a belief that
  • alleges
  • argues
  • asserts
  • believes
  • considers
  • declares
  • decries
  • expresses (an opinion)
  • formulates
  • holds to the premise that
  • maintains the belief that
  • opines
  • professes the idea that
  • pronounces
  • speculates
  • theorizes

CLAIMS OF POLICY

verbs used with proposals and recommendations, and the arguments that support these

  • advises
  • advocates
  • champions the notion that
  • demands
  • encourages
  • endorses
  • exhorts
  • maintains a position that
  • pleads
  • posits
  • proffers
  • promulgates
  • proposes
  • propound
  • recommends
  • sanctions the idea
  • submits
  • suggests
  • supports the positions
  • tenders the suggestion
  • upholds the stance
  • urges

INTERPRETATION

verbs used in explication, literary analysis, and other evaluative writing

  • analyzes to mean
  • characterizes
  • connotes
  • demonstrates
  • draws the inferences that
  • explicates
  • extrapolates
  • gleans from this
  • implies
  • infers
  • intimates that
  • makes emblematic of
  • manifests
  • predicates upon
  • signifies
  • suggests
  • typifies
  • indicates that
  • queries
  • questions
  • refers to

SUBSTANTIATION

verbs used to discuss the use of support and examples

  • clarifies by
  • corroborates with
  • elucidates by
  • epitomizes in
  • evidenced by
  • evinces with
  • examines by way of
  • exemplifies by
  • illustrates by
  • invokes the authority of
  • justifies with
  • lends credence to
  • refers to
  • substantiates by
  • supports by
  • validates with
  • verifies by

DISPUTATION

verbs used in arguments, counter-arguments, and other persuasive writing

  • accommodates
  • plays advocate to
  • affirms
  • agrees
  • aligns himself with
  • canvasses
  • challenges
  • detractors
  • concedes
  • confirms
  • contradicts
  • controverts
  • corroborates
  • debates
  • denies
  • disputes
  • gainsays by
  • impugns the logic of
  • negates
  • objects
  • rebuts
  • recriminates
  • refutes
  • retorts
Last Updated: 02/10/2015
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